Introduction to SQL

Introduction to Oracle Database

• List the features of Oracle Database 12c
• Discuss the basic design, theoretical, and physical aspects of a relational database
• Categorize the different types of SQL statements
• Describe the data set used by the course
• Log on to the database using SQL Developer environment
• Save queries to files and use script files in SQL Developer

Retrieve Data using the SQL SELECT Statement

• List the capabilities of SQL SELECT statements
• Generate a report of data from the output of a basic SELECT statement
• Select All Columns
• Select Specific Columns
• Use Column Heading Defaults
• Use Arithmetic Operators
• Understand Operator Precedence
• Learn the DESCRIBE command to display the table structure

Learn to Restrict and Sort Data

• Write queries that contain a WHERE clause to limit the output retrieved
• List the comparison operators and logical operators that are used in a WHERE clause
• Describe the rules of precedence for comparison and logical operators
• Use character string literals in the WHERE clause
• Write queries that contain an ORDER BY clause to sort the output of a SELECT statement
• Sort output in descending and ascending order

Usage of Single-Row Functions to Customize Output

• Describe the differences between single row and multiple row functions
• Manipulate strings with character function in the SELECT and WHERE clauses
• Manipulate numbers with the ROUND, TRUNC, and MOD functions
• Perform arithmetic with date data
• Manipulate dates with the DATE functions

Invoke Conversion Functions and Conditional Expressions

• Describe implicit and explicit data type conversion
• Use the TO_CHAR, TO_NUMBER, and TO_DATE conversion functions
• Nest multiple functions
• Apply the NVL, NULLIF, and COALESCE functions to data
• Use conditional IF THEN ELSE logic in a SELECT statement

Aggregate Data Using the Group Functions

• Use the aggregation functions to produce meaningful reports
• Divide the retrieved data in groups by using the GROUP BY clause
• Exclude groups of data by using the HAVING clause

Display Data From Multiple Tables Using Joins

• Write SELECT statements to access data from more than one table
• View data that generally does not meet a join condition by using outer joins
• Join a table to itself by using a self-join

Use Sub-queries to Solve Queries

• Describe the types of problem that sub-queries can solve
• Define sub-queries
• List the types of sub-queries
• Write single-row and multiple-row sub-queries

The SET Operators

• Describe the SET operators
• Use a SET operator to combine multiple queries into a single query
• Control the order of rows returned

Data Manipulation Statements

• Describe each DML statement
• Insert rows into a table
• Change rows in a table by the UPDATE statement
• Delete rows from a table with the DELETE statement
• Save and discard changes with the COMMIT and ROLLBACK statements
• Explain read consistency

Use of DDL Statements to Create and Manage Tables

• Categorize the main database objects
• Review the table structure
• List the data types available for columns
• Create a simple table
• Decipher how constraints can be created at table creation
• Describe how schema objects work

Other Schema Objects

• Create a simple and complex view
• Retrieve data from views
• Create, maintain, and use sequences
• Create and maintain indexes
• Create private and public synonyms

Control User Access

• Differentiate system privileges from object privileges
• Create Users
• Grant System Privileges
• Create and Grant Privileges to a Role
• Change Your Password
• Grant Object Privileges
• How to pass on privileges?
• Revoke Object Privileges

Management of Schema Objects

• Add, Modify, and Drop a Column
• Add, Drop, and Defer a Constraint
• How to enable and Disable a Constraint?
• Create and Remove Indexes
• Create a Function-Based Index
• Perform Flashback Operations
• Create an External Table by Using ORACLE_LOADER and by Using ORACLE_DATAPUMP
• Query External Tables

Manage Objects with Data Dictionary Views

• Explain the data dictionary
• Use the Dictionary Views
• USER_OBJECTS and ALL_OBJECTS Views
• Table and Column Information
• Query the dictionary views for constraint information
• Query the dictionary views for view, sequence, index and synonym information
• Add a comment to a table
• Query the dictionary views for comment information

Manipulate Large Data Sets

• Use Subqueries to Manipulate Data
• Retrieve Data Using a Subquery as Source
• Insert Using a Subquery as a Target
• Usage of the WITH CHECK OPTION Keyword on DML Statements
• List the types of Multitable INSERT Statements
• Use Multitable INSERT Statements
• Merge rows in a table
• Track Changes in Data over a period of time

Data Management in different Time Zones

• Time Zones
• CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, and LOCALTIMESTAMP
• Compare Date and Time in a Session's Time Zone
• DBTIMEZONE and SESSIONTIMEZONE
• Difference between DATE and TIMESTAMP
• INTERVAL Data Types
• Use EXTRACT, TZ_OFFSET and FROM_TZ
• Invoke TO_TIMESTAMP,TO_YMINTERVAL and TO_DSINTERVAL

Retrieve Data Using Sub-queries

• Multiple-Column Subqueries
• Pairwise and Non-pairwise Comparison
• Scalar Subquery Expressions
• Solve problems with Correlated Subqueries
• Update and Delete Rows Using Correlated Subqueries
• The EXISTS and NOT EXISTS operators
• Invoke the WITH clause
• The Recursive WITH clause

Regular Expression Support

• Use the Regular Expressions Functions and Conditions in SQL
• Use Meta Characters with Regular Expressions
• Perform a Basic Search using the REGEXP_LIKE function
• Find patterns using the REGEXP_INSTR function
• Extract Substrings using the REGEXP_SUBSTR function
• Replace Patterns Using the REGEXP_REPLACE function
• Usage of Sub-Expressions with Regular Expression Support
• Implement the REGEXP_COUNT function

Oracle Database Program with PL/SQL

Introduction to PL/SQL

• Overview of PL/SQL
• Identify the benefits of PL/SQL Subprograms
• Overview of the types of PL/SQL blocks
• Create a Simple Anonymous Block
• How to generate output from a PL/SQL Block?

Declare PL/SQL Identifiers

• List the different Types of Identifiers in a PL/SQL subprogram
• Usage of the Declarative Section to Define Identifiers
• Use variables to store data
• Identify Scalar Data Types
• The %TYPE Attribute
• What are Bind Variables?
• Sequences in PL/SQL Expressions

Write Executable Statements

• Describe Basic PL/SQL Block Syntax Guidelines
• Learn to Comment the Code
• Deployment of SQL Functions in PL/SQL
• How to convert Data Types?
• Describe Nested Blocks
• Identify the Operators in PL/SQL

Interaction with the Oracle Server

• Invoke SELECT Statements in PL/SQL
• Retrieve Data in PL/SQL
• SQL Cursor concept
• Avoid Errors by using Naming Conventions when using
• Retrieval and DML Statements
• Data Manipulation in the Server using PL/SQL
• Understand the SQL Cursor concept
• Use SQL Cursor Attributes to Obtain Feedback on DML
• Save and Discard Transactions

Control Structures

• Conditional processing using IF Statements
• Conditional processing using CASE Statements
• Describe simple Loop Statement
• Describe While Loop Statement
• Describe For Loop Statement
• Use the Continue Statement

Composite Data Types

• Use PL/SQL Records
• The %ROWTYPE Attribute
• Insert and Update with PL/SQL Records
• INDEX BY Tables
• Examine INDEX BY Table Methods
• Use INDEX BY Table of Records

Explicit Cursors

• What are Explicit Cursors?
• Declare the Cursor
• Open the Cursor
• Fetch data from the Cursor
• Close the Cursor
• Cursor FOR loop
• The %NOTFOUND and %ROWCOUNT Attributes
• Describe the FOR UPDATE Clause and WHERE CURRENT Clause

Exception Handling

• Understand Exceptions
• Handle Exceptions with PL/SQL
• Trap Predefined Oracle Server Errors
• Trap Non-Predefined Oracle Server Errors
• Trap User-Defined Exceptions
• Propagate Exceptions
• RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR Procedure

Stored Procedures

• Create a Modularized and Layered Subprogram Design
• Modularize Development With PL/SQL Blocks
• Understand the PL/SQL Execution Environment
• List the benefits of using PL/SQL Subprograms
• List the differences between Anonymous Blocks and Subprograms
• Create, Call, and Remove Stored Procedures
• Implement Procedures Parameters and Parameters Modes
• View Procedure Information

Design Considerations for PL/SQL Code

• Standardize Constants and Exceptions
• Understand Local Subprograms
• Write Autonomous Transactions
• Implement the NOCOPY Compiler Hint
• Invoke the PARALLEL_ENABLE Hint
• The Cross-Session PL/SQL Function Result Cache
• The DETERMINISTIC Clause with Functions
• Usage of Bulk Binding to Improve Performance

Triggers

• Describe Triggers
• Identify the Trigger Event Types and Body
• Business Application Scenarios for Implementing Triggers
• Create DML Triggers using the CREATE TRIGGER Statement and SQL Developer
• Identify the Trigger Event Types, Body, and Firing(Timing)
• Differences between Statement Level Triggers and Row Level Triggers
• Create Instead of and Disabled Triggers
• How to Manage, Test and Remove Triggers?

Creating Compound, DDL, and Event Database Triggers

• What are Compound Triggers?
• Identify the Timing-Point Sections of a Table Compound Trigger
• Understand the Compound Trigger Structure for Tables and Views
• Implement a Compound Trigger to Resolve the Mutating
• Table Error
• Comparison of Database Triggers to Stored Procedures
• Create Triggers on DDL Statements
• Create Database-Event and System-Events Triggers
• System Privileges Required to Manage Triggers

PL/SQL Compiler

• What is the PL/SQL Compiler?
• Describe the Initialization Parameters for PL/SQL Compilation
• List the new PL/SQL Compile Time Warnings
• Overview of PL/SQL Compile Time Warnings for Subprograms
• List the benefits of Compiler Warnings
• List the PL/SQL Compile Time Warning Messages Categories
• Setting the Warning Messages Levels: Using SQL Developer, PLSQL_WARNINGS Initialization Parameter,and the DBMS_WARNING Package Subprograms
• View Compiler Warnings: Using SQL Developer,SQL*Plus, or the Data Dictionary Views

Manage Dependencies

• Overview of Schema Object Dependencies
• Query Direct Object Dependencies using the USER_DEPENDENCIES View
• Query an Object's Status
• Invalidation of Dependent Objects
• Display the Direct and Indirect Dependencies
• Fine-Grained Dependency Management in Oracle Database 12c
• Understand Remote Dependencies
• Recompile a PL/SQL Program Unit